Understanding AGVs, AMRs, and Autonomous Robotics

December 16, 2025

Understanding AGVs, AMRs, and the Future of Autonomous Robotics

SK Robotics is advancing intelligent mobility across modern industries

Automation has become a main part of today’s industrial industry. From automotive and electronics to healthcare, hospitality, and logistics, industries are embracing autonomous technologies to maximize efficiency, safety and productivity. At the center of this transformation are Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), two solutions often compared, yet uniquely powerful in their own ways.

At SK Robotics, we continue to innovate in this space, designing mobile robots that meet the needs of manufacturers and facilities worldwide. This blog breaks down AGV and AMR technologies, their advantages, and their real-world applications across industries.

What Are AGVs?

AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) navigate by following predefined paths, commonly using:

  • Magnetic strip guidance (tracked AGVs)
  • Laser or sensor-based navigation (trackless AGVs)

Magnetic-track AGVs follow physical strips placed on the floor, while trackless AGVs use scanners like LiDAR to detect their surroundings and move without fixed routes. Both are flexible and often require minimal changes to facility layouts.

What Are AMRs?

AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots) represent the evolution of AGVs. Unlike AGVs that follow fixed routes, AMRs navigate using a combination of:

  • LiDAR sensors
  • Cameras
  • Advanced perception systems
  • AI-driven decision-making
  • Dynamic path planning

These sensors allow AMRs to understand their environment, map their surroundings, and make intelligent decisions, similar to how humans perceive and move through space. This gives them unmatched flexibility compared to fixed-route AGVs.

AMR's

How AMRs Work: The Four Core Principles

  1. Locomotion: Motors and actuators power the robot’s movement.
  2. Perception: Sensors like LiDAR, stereo cameras, bump sensors, and force-torque sensors collect environmental data.
  3. Cognition: The robot’s onboard computer analyzes the data and selects the correct actions to achieve its task.
  4. Navigation: Combining perception, localization, motion control, and planning algorithms, AMRs determine the best route, even around people, machinery, and obstacles.

Advantages of AMRs

  1. Reliable 24/7 operations
  2. AMRs don’t fatigue and maintain consistent accuracy using advanced algorithms, ideal for high-volume facilities.

  3. Improved employee safety
  4. AMRs reduce manual lifting, help avoid workplace injuries, and take on hazardous tasks like moving materials in high-risk areas.

  5. Lower operational costs
  6. By reducing the need for manual material handling, companies can reduce labor costs and minimize product damage.

  7. Flexible deployment
  8. AMRs do not require installation of magnetic tracks or major layout changes. Routes can be updated digitally in minutes.

  9. Enhanced data and connectivity
  10. The robot’s sensors and software provide valuable data for continuous improvement and operational insights.

Challenges of AMRs

  1. High initial capital cost
  2. Although AMRs may require a significant upfront investment, most facilities see strong long-term ROI.

  3. Limited flexibility in certain models
  4. Some AMR types, particularly magnetic-tape hybrids, may require dedicated tracks or have movement limitations depending on configuration.

    SK Robotics provides customization options to ensure each robot fits the customer’s workflow and facility layout.

challenges-of-AMR's

Where AGVs and AMRs Are Used

  1. Warehousing & Distribution
  2. AMRs transport goods, pick items, sort parcels, and automate repetitive travel tasks, freeing employees for higher-value work.

  3. Manufacturing & Industry
  4. Robots support material movement, cleaning, disinfection, and process automation. Their autonomous navigation is especially beneficial in complex facilities with dynamic obstacles.

  5. Hospitality & Service
  6. Hotels and restaurants deploy AMRs to deliver food, goods, and supplies while improving workflow efficiency and customer experience.

  7. Security & Surveillance
  8. AMRs equipped with cameras, sensors, and remote monitoring systems perform routine patrols, detect anomalies, and provide thermal or low-light imaging.

  9. Healthcare & Hospitals
  10. Robots transport meals, linen, medication, supplies, and waste, reducing cross-contamination risks and allowing staff to focus on patient care.

  11. Biopharma & Labs
  12. AMRs handle repetitive sampling and transportation tasks, supporting highly regulated processes and improving traceability.

AGVs vs. AMRs: Which Is Right for You?

Both AGVs and AMRs offer significant operational value. The decision often comes down to:

  • Environment complexity
    • AGVs for predictable, fixed routes
    • AMRs for dynamic, changing environments
  • Scalability
    • AMRs expand easily through software, no track installation needed
  • Budget
    • AGVs tend to have lower initial cost
    • AMRs provide faster long-term ROI in most cases

The Future of Mobile Robotics at SK Robotics

The world of autonomous robotics is rapidly evolving. Advancements in AI, machine learning, sensor fusion, and cognitive architecture are accelerating the capabilities of mobile robots. In the years ahead, AMRs will continue expanding into new industries, including:

  • Defense & security
  • Agriculture
  • Food production
  • Smart factories
  • Autonomous vehicles
  • Space and underwater exploration
  • Domestic services

At SK Robotics, we are committed to shaping the future with engineering mobile robots that enhance safety, streamline operations, and revolutionize how industries move materials.

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